1. DNA separates into the supernatant.
2. DNA is destroyed by the protease.
3. DNA is unaffected by the RNA.
4. DNA combines with the RNA.

There are many techniques for investigating human genomic disorders. Western blotting looks for protein, eastern blotting looks for post-translational changes, northern blotting looks at mRNA, and Southern blotting looks at DNA. If you were to look at sickle cell anemia, a disorder affecting hemoglobin produced in red blood cells, which technique would be the most useful in detecting polymorphism in a sample?

1. northern blotting
2. Southern blotting
3. western blotting
4. eastern blotting

A population of insects were formally distinguished by a mix of colors on their thorax and legs. This population now appears to be split into two sub-groups, purple and orange-legged. Researchers hypothesize that the purple-legged group may be increasingly resistant to the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxin. Which idea supports this observation?

1. transgenesis
2. natural selection
3. hybridization
4. recombination

1. The foreign DNA and plasmid are cut with the same restriction enzyme and DNA is inserted within the lacZ gene, whose product metabolizes lactose. The foreign DNA and vector are allowed to anneal. The vector is transferred to a bacterial host that is ampicillin sensitive and those with a disrupted lacZ gene show inability to metabolize X-gal.
2. The foreign DNA and plasmid are denatured using high heat, and DNA is inserted within the lacZ gene, whose product metabolizes glucose. The foreign DNA and vector are allowed to anneal. The vector is transferred to a bacterial host that is ampicillin sensitive and disrupted lacZ gene will metabolize X-gal
3. The foreign DNA and plasmid are cut with the same restriction enzyme and DNA is inserted randomly in the plasmid. The foreign DNA and vector are allowed to anneal. The vector is transferred to a bacterial host that is ampicillin sensitive and the disrupted lacZ gene shows inability to synthesize X-gal.
4. The foreign DNA and plasmid are cut with the same restriction enzyme and DNA is inserted within the lacZ gene, whose product metabolizes lactose. The foreign DNA and vector are allowed to anneal. The vector is transformed into a viral host that is ampicillin sensitive and the disrupted lacZ gene show inability to synthesize X-gal.

There are three methods of creating maps to evaluate genomes: cytogenetic (staining chromosomes); radiation hybrid maps (fragments with X-rays); and sequence maps (comparing DNA sequences). Which of the following accurately describes the three methods?

1. Cytogenetic mapping - stained sections of chromosomes are analyzed using microscope, the distance between genetic markers can be found; Radiation hybrid mapping - breaks DNA using radiation and is affected by recombination frequency; Sequence mapping - DNA sequencing technology used to create physical maps
2. Cytogenetic mapping - stained sections of chromosomes are analyzed using microscope, the approximate distance between genetic markers can be found; Radiation hybrid mapping - breaks DNA using radiation and is unaffected by recombination frequency; Sequence mapping - DNA sequencing technology used to create physical maps
3. Cytogenetic mapping - stained sections of chromosomes are analyzed using microscope, the distance in base pairs between genetic markers can be found; Radiation hybrid mapping - breaks DNA using radiation and is unaffected by recombination frequency; Sequence mapping - DNA sequencing technology used to create physical maps.
4. Cytogenetic mapping - stained sections of chromosomes are analyzed using a telescope, the distance between genetic markers can be found; Radiation hybrid mapping - breaks DNA using radiation and is affected by recombination frequency; Sequence mapping - DNA sequencing technology used to create physical maps.

How many cells with different genetic variations are possible after a single round of meiosis?

1. 2
2. 3
3. 4
4. 8