1. Carl Linnaeus
2. Darwin
3. Plato
4. Aristotle

1. analogy
2. taxonomic classification system
3. Order
4. systematics

1. Kingdom, Domain, Phylum, Order, Class, Family, Genus, species
2. Domain, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, species
3. Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species
4. Domain, Kingdom, Class, Phylum, Order, Family, Genus, species

1. Order
2. Phylum
3. Family
4. Class

1. Systematics provides guidelines that scientists use to describe the relationships of organisms.
2. Scientists use systematics programs to put together the phylogeny of an organism.
3. In systematics, scientists use combined data based on evolutionary relationships from many sources to put together the phylogeny of an organism.
4. Systematics is a process used to put together the phylogeny of an organism.

Which of the following is the best explanation of what systematists do?

1. Scientists in the field of systematics organize organisms by characteristics.
2. Scientists in the field of systematics provide information on how organisms are similar or different.
3. Scientists in the field of systematics contribute to building, updating, and maintaining the tree of life.
4. Scientists in the field of systematics collect data from fossils.

1. to organize and name organisms into specific categories
2. to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among organisms
3. to show geographic or behavioral factors

What does the term rooted mean on a phylogenetic tree diagram?

1. a. relationships among species do not show
2. b. all organisms represented in the diagram relate to a single ancestral lineage
3. c. a single lineage evolved into a distinct new one
4. d. A lineage evolved early from the root and remains unbranched.

1. The research team used DNA to uncover phylogenetic relationships in the legume family, and they found a compound in the plant that is effective in treating cancer.
2. The research team used DNA to uncover phylogenetic relationships in the legume family, and then they identified a newly discovered plant as Dalbergia sissoo.
3. The research team used DNA to uncover phylogenetic relationships in the legume family, and they found a DNA marker that can be used to screen for plants with potential medicinal properties.
4. The research team searched all the relatives of the newly discovered plant Dalbergia sissoo to find antifungal properties.

Which animals in the preceding figure belong to a clade that includes animals with hair? Which evolved first, hair or the amniotic egg?

1. a. Rabbits have hair, which evolved before the amniotic egg. 

2. b. Rabbits and lizards have hair, which evolved after the amniotic egg.
3. c. Rabbits have hair, which evolved after the amniotic egg.
4. d. Rabbits and lizards have hair, which evolved before the amniotic egg.

1. Animals, Fungi, and Plants
2. Fungi
3. Diplomonads
4. Flagellates

1. Phylogenetic trees are based on evolutionary connections, so scientists can use the analogous characteristics to build the phylogenetic trees.
2. Phylogenetic trees are based on evolutionary connections, so scientists can use the homologous characteristics to build the phylogenetic trees.
3. Phylogenetic trees are based on similar functions, so scientists can use the homologous characteristics to build the phylogenetic trees.
4. Phylogenetic trees are based on similar functions, so scientists can use the homologous characteristics to build the phylogenetic trees.

1. A penguin and a seagull both have wings. The penguin uses wings to swim while the seagull uses wings to fly.
2. Lizards and whales have similar skeleton structures, but they have a different habitat and lifestyle.
3. Birds and butterflies have wings with similar characteristics for flight even though their wings do not share an evolutionary relationship.
4. The bone structure in leg of a cat is very similar to the bone structure in the arm of a human, but the functions of the limbs are very different.

1. ring of life
2. tree of life
3. branches of life
4. web of life

Compare three different ways that eukaryotic cells may have evolved.

1. Some hypotheses propose that mitochondria were acquired first. Others propose that the nucleus evolved first. Still others hypothesize that prokaryotes descended from eukaryotes by the loss of genes and complexity.
2. Some hypotheses propose that eukaryotic cells are a combination of bacterial and archaeal cells. Others propose that eukaryotic cells are a combination of bacterial and fungal cells. Still others hypothesize that eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells developed independently.
3. Some hypotheses propose that mitochondria developed from bacterial cells. Others propose that they developed from archaeal cells. Still others hypothesize that bacteria developed from mitochondria that had been released from eukaryotic cells.
4. Some hypotheses propose that eukaryotic cells developed from Gram-negative bacteria. Others propose that they developed from Gram-positive bacteria. Still others hypothesize that both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contributed to the eukaryotic genome through horizontal gene transfer.

1. The ring of life model is a phylogenetic model where the three domains of life started as distinct groups that could swap genes horizontally with each other in all directions.
2. The ring of life model is a phylogenetic model where all three domains of life are said to have developed from a pool of primitive prokaryotes.
3. The ring of life model is a phylogenetic model where bacterial and archaeal cells fused to form eukaryotic cells.
4. The ring of life model is a phylogenetic model where there is only a single domain of life due to modern DNA analysis.

Plates that have only ampicillin resistant bacteria include which of the following?

1. I only
2. III only
3. IV only
4. I and II