Suppose the Fed conducts an open market purchase by buying $10 million in Treasury bonds from Acme Bank. Sketch out the balance-sheet changes that will occur as Acme converts the bond sale proceeds to new loans. The initial Acme bank balance sheet contains the following information: assets – reserves 30, bonds 50, and loans 50; liabilities – deposits 300 and equity 30.

Suppose the Fed conducts an open market sale by selling $10 million in Treasury bonds to Acme Bank. Sketch out the balance-sheet changes that will occur as Acme restores its required reserves—10 percent of deposits—by reducing its loans. The initial balance sheet for Acme Bank contains the following information: assets – reserves 30, bonds 50, and loans 250; liabilities – deposits 300 and equity 30.

All other things being equal, by how much will nominal GDP expand if the central bank increases the money supply by $100 billion, and the velocity of money is 3? Use this information as necessary to answer the following four questions.

Suppose now that economists expect the velocity of money to increase by 50 percent as a result of the monetary stimulus. What will be the total increase in nominal GDP?

If GDP is 1,500 and the money supply is 400, what is the velocity?

If GDP now rises to 1,600 but the money supply does not change, how has velocity changed?

If GDP now falls back to 1,500 and the money supply falls to 350, what is the velocity?